Flooding has become an increasingly recurrent environmental hazard in Nigeria and across Sub-Saharan Africa, with significant implications for psychological well-being and post-disaster recovery. While existing studies have largely focused on the adverse mental health outcomes associated with flood exposure such as post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, and depression there is limited integrative attention to protective psychosocial mechanisms that facilitate recovery. This review examines resilience and distress disclosure as key protective factors in psychological recovery among post-flood victims from a theoretical perspective. Drawing on established frameworks such as the Conservation of Resources Theory and the Transactional Model of Stress and Coping, the study develops a conceptual understanding of how internal adaptive capacities and external emotional expression processes interact to promote psychological adjustment following disaster exposure. Methodologically, the study adopts a narrative review design based on secondary data. Data were analyzed using thematic synthesis to identify key theoretical patterns, conceptual relationships, and empirical trends. The review findings indicate that resilience enhances adaptive coping, cognitive flexibility, and resource mobilization, while distress disclosure facilitates emotional processing and access to social support. Importantly, the interaction between these factors produces a synergistic effect that strengthens psychological recovery. However, cultural norms, stigma, and limited mental health infrastructure in Nigeria may constrain effective distress disclosure, highlighting the need for culturally sensitive interventions. The study contributes to disaster psychology by integrating resilience and distress disclosure within a unified theoretical framework and underscores the importance of incorporating psychosocial strategies into disaster management policies. It recommends the development of community-based resilience programs and structured platforms for safe emotional expression to enhance post-flood psychological recovery in Nigeria and similar contexts.