This research focused on the role of indigenous soil water conservation techniques in reducing agricultural land degradation and mitigating climate change in Semi- Arid region of Northern Adamawa State, Nigeria. Agricultural land degradation remains a major environmental and socio-economic challenge in the semi-arid regions of northern Adamawa state of Nigeria, where erratic rainfall, increasing temperature. And unsustainable farming practices intensity, soil erosion, nutrients depletion and declining crop productivity. Indigenous soil and conservation (ISWC) techniques developed and refined by the local communities over generations represent context specific low cost adaptation and mitigation strategies. This study examined the role of indigenous conservation practices such as ridging, zai pits, mulching, agroforestry stone bunds and traditional fallowing systems in reducing agricultural land degradation and contributing to climate change mitigation in selected communities in northern Adamawa State ‘Using a mixed method approach that integrate households surveys, field observation, soil analysis and focus group discussions. The research evaluated the effectiveness of these practices in improving soil structure, enhancing moisture retention, increasing soil carbon and reducing surface runoff and erosion. Comparative analysis between plots adopting indigenous techniques and non adopting plots quantified the differences in soil fertility indicators, crop yield stability and carbon sequestration potential.it was suggested that land degradation can effectively be controlled using afforestation, crop rotation for sustainable agricultural production can be adopted to control climate change in the study area.