This paper examined the management of basic education amidst economic and security challenges in contemporary Nigeria. The Universal Basic Education (UBE) programme was designed to ensure equitable access to functional and quality education for all children. However, recurring economic crises, insecurity, and inadequate policy implementation continue to undermine its objectives. The study adopted a descriptive survey design, utilizing secondary data and documentary analysis to explore the impact of inflation, unemployment, insecurity, and poor funding on basic education delivery. The findings revealed that economic instability has led to reduced government funding, teacher demotivation, school dropouts, and infrastructural decay. Furthermore, insecurity, particularly in Northern Nigeria, has caused displacement of pupils and teachers, closure of schools, and disruption of learning activities. The study concludes that effective management of basic education in Nigeria requires a multifaceted approach that integrates economic reforms, security stabilization, and educational innovation. The paper recommends enhanced government funding, strengthened community participation in school governance, teacher welfare improvement, and the establishment of safe learning environments in conflict-affected zones.